Jan Logemann 2025

University of Göttingen, Germany

The visibility of the dead: transatlantic differences in funerary marketing and business practices during the 20th century

The commercial deathcare industry, which emerged on both sides of the Atlantic in the decades around 1900, faced reputational challenges and public criticism since its inception. In many ways, funerals were a ‘taboo market’ and industry professionals soon saw the need to develop strategies to ‘legitimize’ their businesses. This paper analyses comparatively the marketing and publicity efforts by German and U.S.-American funeral firms throughout the twentieth century. While they faced many similar challenges (e.g. critiques of immoral profiteering, market collusion, manipulative business practices), they developed strikingly different responses. The German funeral profession increasingly promoted understated funerals and limited the visibility both of so-called ‘Funeral Institutes’ and of the dead themselves. Advertising for deathcare services, too, became almost minimalist by the 1950s. American ‘Funeral Homes’ by contrast, advertised prominently in their communities and made the ‘viewing’ for the deceased, frequently in a lavishly adorned settings, a cornerstone of their business model. To understand such differences, the paper delves into the trade literature and business records from both countries, but also into their respective public debates surrounding the morality of markets in deathcare.

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